Somaliland: The ballot boxes speak, but challenges remain

In a region marked by instability in the Horn of Africa, Somaliland stands out with its democratic process. The November 13 elections have just ended, and the counting is underway. However, behind the apparent normality, complex political, economic and diplomatic issues weigh on this self-proclaimed independent territory.

A democracy under tension

While the rest of Somalia is often associated with armed conflict and chronic instability, Somaliland shines with its relative stability. This territory, which declared itself independent in 1991 without being recognized by the international community, has managed to establish a democratic system that is envied in the region.

The legislative and local elections held on 13 November once again demonstrate this singularity. Thousands of voters went to the polls in a generally calm atmosphere, despite a few isolated incidents. The count is underway, and the final results are expected in the coming days.

But behind this image of democratic order lies a more complex reality. Tensions between the country's main political parties, Kulmiye and Waddani, as well as recurring accusations of electoral fraud, risk clouding the outcome of these elections.

A territory in search of recognition

Somaliland's biggest challenge remains its quest for international recognition. Despite stable institutions and effective governance, the territory has yet to achieve sovereign statehood.

This situation considerably limits its access to international aid, to global financial markets, and slows its economic development. While countries such as Taiwan have recently shown an interest in establishing ties with Hargeisa, the capital of Somaliland, the major powers are hesitant. The fear of further destabilizing Somalia, which still claims sovereignty over this region, is holding back any official recognition.

At the same time, Somaliland's efforts to modernise its economy, particularly through the strategic port of Berbera, continue. This infrastructure, key to trade in the region, could attract more investment if the political situation becomes clearer.

A model to be preserved in the Horn of Africa

Somaliland cannot ignore the pressures surrounding it. Between the violence in neighboring Somalia, the influence of terrorist groups like Al-Shabaab and the ambitions of foreign powers in the region, maintaining its stability remains a colossal challenge.

Observers see the elections as more than just a democratic exercise. They represent an attempt to consolidate internal legitimacy and strengthen Somaliland's image on the international stage. However, the road ahead remains fraught with challenges. The results of the polls, and especially the reaction of the defeated parties, will be crucial to avoiding internal unrest.